Please specify metabolites (exposure) and outcome of interest

Causal analysis is based on two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) which leverages genetic variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IV) to estimate exposure-outcome associations. The main steps as described below:

1. Identify candidate SNPs that are associated with an exposure (metabolite) of interest and an outcome of interest
2. Perform SNP filtering and harmonization to make sure that that are valid IVs (e.g. relevance, independence and exclusion criteria).
3. Conduct MR tests, explore results and literature evidence

1. Select a metabolite (exposure) of interest:

Due to its complex and computing intensive nature, MR analysis is performed with one metabolite/exposure at a time. To increase the chance of identification of the genetically influenced metabolites, metabolites that have passed the threshold in any of the mGWAS studies will be listed below. You will be able to examine the detailed SNP-metabolite associations (studies, p-values, etc) in the next page..